1. Microplastics in Wastewater as Emerging Contaminants 1.1 Presence and Environmental Relevance Microplastics are increasingly recognized as emerging contaminants in wastewater treatment systems due to their persistence, small size, and resistance to degradation. Conventional wastewater treatment plants were not originally designed to target microplastic particles, resulting in incomplete removal and the potential release of residual microplastics into receiving water bodies. Recent studies highlight the need for advanced and integrated treatment [...]

Industrial facilities that operate desalination, membrane separation, and water reuse systems often generate highly concentrated brine streams. These streams contain large amounts of dissolved salts and are difficult to discharge due to environmental regulations. Near-Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) technologies are therefore increasingly adopted to minimize liquid waste, recover valuable resources, and reduce environmental impact. This study presents an advanced ZLD process based on Electrodialysis Metathesis (EDM) for the treatment of [...]

Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) is a water-treatment strategy that aims to eliminate liquid discharge by maximizing water reuse and converting dissolved salts into recoverable solids. ZLD technologies include thermal processes, membrane processes, and hybrid systems.     1. Thermal Technologies in Zero Liquid Discharge 1.1 Evaporation Thermal processes play a central role in many ZLD schemes. Evaporation involves heating wastewater to separate water vapor from dissolved and suspended solids; the [...]

1. Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment Pharmaceuticals are now widely detected in natural and urban water systems around the world. Since the 1980s, monitoring programs have repeatedly found medicines—including antibiotics, painkillers, anti-epileptics, antidepressants, lipid regulators, and heart medications—in rivers, lakes, coastal waters, groundwater, and even treated drinking water. Their presence varies from place to place, depending on how much a community uses specific medicines and how effective its wastewater [...]

In the attached growth process, microorganisms grow on media such as plastic, stone, etc. The media in the aeration tank can be either a flotation bed or a fixed bed. The microorganisms attached to the solid surfaces are primarily from the heterotroph group of activated sludge, which use organic carbon as a food source for biomass production. For the formation of the biofilm on the media, the components on [...]

    Target Customers: End-Users who want reuse their wastewater Consulting Engineers Companies Contractors who need design parameters Membrane Manufacturers who need to check their modules performance Why Pilot: Finding best flux and then surface area of membranes Reality of treated water characteristics then choosing next processes. Find out best operation data To do performance tests on different MBR modules General View: Transportable Skid Sun light and dust resistance equipment [...]